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EF里查看/修改实体的当前值、原始值和数据库值以及重写SaveChanges方法记录实体状态...
阅读量:5087 次
发布时间:2019-06-13

本文共 30674 字,大约阅读时间需要 102 分钟。

本文目录

文章开始前建议大家为了更好的记忆最好自己实现文中的所有方法。如果非要直接运行我的demo,必要的时候需要恢复下数据库数据,否则找不到记录。

之前的章节已经演示了context.Entry方法可以拿到实体的状态(EntityState),来看一个方法:

///         /// 单个实体的状态        ///         private static void PrintState()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var canyon = (from d in context.Destinations                              where d.Name == "Grand Canyon"                              select d).Single();                DbEntityEntry
entry = context.Entry(canyon); Console.WriteLine("Before Edit:{0}", entry.State); //Unchaged canyon.TravelWarnings = "Take a lot of Water!"; DbEntityEntry
entrys = context.Entry(canyon); Console.WriteLine("After Edit:{0}", entrys.State); //Modified } }

context.Entry方法有两个重载,分别返回泛型DbEntityEntry<TEntity>和非泛型的DbEntityEntry,它们都可以监测到实体的状态,并且通过DbEntityEntry还可以操作实体的当前值、原始值和数据库值。分别是:

  • 当前值(Current Value):程序里设置实体属性的值(在内存中,还没提交数据库);
  • 原始值(Original Value):被数据库上下文跟踪到时的值(程序取出数据库的值,可能不是最新的);
  • 数据库值(Database Value):数据库里的值(此时此刻数据库里最新的值)

来看一个例子:

///         /// 打印实体当前、原始和数据库值        ///         private static void PrintLodgingInfo()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var hotel = (from d in context.Lodgings                             where d.Name == "Grand Hotel"                             select d).Single();                hotel.Name = "Super Grand Hotel";                context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(@"UPDATE Lodgings SET Name = 'Not-So-Grand Hotel' WHERE Name = 'Grand Hotel'");                PrintChangeTrackingInfo(context, hotel);            }        }        private static void PrintChangeTrackingInfo(DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext context, DbContexts.Model.Lodging entity)        {            var entry = context.Entry(entity);            Console.WriteLine(entry.Entity.Name);            Console.WriteLine("State: {0}", entry.State);            Console.WriteLine("\nCurrent Values:");            PrintPropertyValues(entry.CurrentValues);            Console.WriteLine("\nOriginal Values:");            PrintPropertyValues(entry.OriginalValues);            Console.WriteLine("\nDatabase Values:");            PrintPropertyValues(entry.GetDatabaseValues());        }        private static void PrintPropertyValues(DbPropertyValues values)        {            foreach (var propertyName in values.PropertyNames)            {                Console.WriteLine(" - {0}: {1}", propertyName, values[propertyName]);            }        }

方法分析:先从数据库取出一个实体,然后修改其Name属性,这个时候当前值(Current)和原始值(Original)都有了,分别是:修改后的值(还没提交,在内存中)和从库里取出来时实体的值。再使用Database.ExecuteSqlCommand执行了一段修改此对象在数据库中的值,这个时候数据库值(Database)也有了变化,这个实体的三个值都不相同了。还没看到打印结果,在执行entry.GetDatabaseValues()方法时报了一个EntitySqlException错:

找不到类型DbContexts.DataAccess.Lodging,项目的Lodging实体明明在DbContexts.Model.Lodging命名空间下,反复检查代码没发现任何问题,报这个错真是很疑惑。最后通过搜索引擎才知道这是EF4.1/4.2版本的一个bug,解决办法:修改实体和上下文到一个命名空间,或者使用EF4.3 release。看看本书作者在msdn论坛上关于此bug的

换成4.3版本的EF问题就立马解决了(源码的libs目录下提供了EF4.3)。看下打印的结果:

结果分析:当前值为方法里修改的值、原始值是从数据库取出未做任何操作的值、数据库值是此时数据库里的值。当然新添加的实体不会有原始值和数据库值、删除的实体也不会有当前值,利用EntityState完善下方法:

private static void PrintChangeTrackingInfo(DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext context, DbContexts.Model.Lodging entity)        {            var entry = context.Entry(entity);            Console.WriteLine(entry.Entity.Name);            Console.WriteLine("State: {0}", entry.State);            if (entry.State != EntityState.Deleted)   //标记删除的实体不会有当前值            {                Console.WriteLine("\nCurrent Values:");                PrintPropertyValues(entry.CurrentValues);            }            if (entry.State != EntityState.Added)   //新添加的时候不会有原始值和数据库值            {                Console.WriteLine("\nOriginal Values:");                PrintPropertyValues(entry.OriginalValues);                Console.WriteLine("\nDatabase Values:");                PrintPropertyValues(entry.GetDatabaseValues());            }        }

为了测试重写下PrintLodgingInfo方法:

///         /// 测试打印添加和删除时实体当前、原始和数据库值        ///         private static void PrintLodgingInfoAddAndDelete()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var hotel = (from d in context.Lodgings                             where d.Name == "Grand Hotel"                             select d).Single();                PrintChangeTrackingInfo(context, hotel);   //默认                var davesDump = (from d in context.Lodgings                                 where d.Name == "Dave's Dump"                                 select d).Single();                context.Lodgings.Remove(davesDump);                PrintChangeTrackingInfo(context, davesDump);   //测试删除实体                var newMotel = new DbContexts.Model.Lodging { Name = "New Motel" };                context.Lodgings.Add(newMotel);                PrintChangeTrackingInfo(context, newMotel);  //测试新添加实体            }        }

当然上面打印实体类型的方法并不通用,修改第二个参数为object类型:

///         /// 通用的打印实体方法        ///         private static void PrintChangeTrackingInfo(DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext context, object entity)        {            var entry = context.Entry(entity);            Console.WriteLine("Type:{0}", entry.Entity.GetType());   //打印实体类型            Console.WriteLine("State: {0}", entry.State);            if (entry.State != EntityState.Deleted)   //标记删除的实体不会有当前值            {                Console.WriteLine("\nCurrent Values:");                PrintPropertyValues(entry.CurrentValues);            }            if (entry.State != EntityState.Added)   //新添加的时候不会有原始值和数据库值            {                Console.WriteLine("\nOriginal Values:");                PrintPropertyValues(entry.OriginalValues);                Console.WriteLine("\nDatabase Values:");                PrintPropertyValues(entry.GetDatabaseValues());            }        }

看看打印结果:

之前打印实体的各种属性都是通过遍历的形式(PrintPropertyValues方法)打印出来,如果仅取某个字段当然没必要这么麻烦,可以使用GetValue<TValue>:

///         /// 打印实体单个属性        ///         private static void PrintOriginalName()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var hotel = (from d in context.Lodgings                             where d.Name == "Grand Hotel"                             select d).Single();                hotel.Name = "Super Grand Hotel";                string originalName = context.Entry(hotel).OriginalValues.GetValue
("Name"); Console.WriteLine("Current Name: {0}", hotel.Name); //Super Grand Hotel Console.WriteLine("Original Name: {0}", originalName); //Grand Hotel } }

拷贝DbPropertyValues到实体:ToObject方法

///         /// 拷贝DbPropertyValues到实体:ToObject方法        ///         private static void TestPrintDestination()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var reef = (from d in context.Destinations                            where d.Name == "Great Barrier Reef"                            select d).Single();                reef.TravelWarnings = "Watch out for sharks!";                Console.WriteLine("Current Values");                PrintDestination(reef);                Console.WriteLine("\nDatabase Values");                DbPropertyValues dbValues = context.Entry(reef).GetDatabaseValues();                PrintDestination((DbContexts.Model.Destination)dbValues.ToObject());  //ToObject方法创建Destination实例            }        }        private static void PrintDestination(DbContexts.Model.Destination destination)        {            Console.WriteLine("-- {0}, {1} --", destination.Name, destination.Country);            Console.WriteLine(destination.Description);            if (destination.TravelWarnings != null)            {                Console.WriteLine("WARNINGS!: {0}", destination.TravelWarnings);            }        }

方法分析:从Destination表里取出Name为Great Barrier Reef的实体并修改其TravelWarnings字段,然后调用PrintDestination方法打印当前实体的各属性,再查出此实体在数据库里的值,并且通过ToObject方法把数据库取出来的这个对象也转换成了实体对象。这么转有什么好处呢?这个通过ToObject转换的Destination实例不会被数据库上下文追踪,所以对其做的任何改变都不会提交数据库。看看打印结果:

修改DbPropertyValues当前值:

调用上下文的Entry方法,传入要操作的实体对象,再打点就可以拿到实体的当前值(CurrentValues)、原始值(OriginalValues)、数据库值(GetDatabaseValues()),返回类型是DbPropertyValues,直接遍历就可以输出实体的所有属性。当然DbPropertyValues并不是只读的。写个方法修改试试:

///         /// 修改DbPropertyValues当前值        ///         private static void ChangeCurrentValue()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var hotel = (from d in context.Lodgings                             where d.Name == "Grand Hotel"                             select d).Single();                context.Entry(hotel).CurrentValues["Name"] = "Hotel Pretentious";                Console.WriteLine("Property Value: {0}", hotel.Name);                Console.WriteLine("State: {0}", context.Entry(hotel).State);  //Modified            }        }

类似于索引器的方式赋值即可,赋值后实体的状态已经是Modified了,显然已经被上下文追踪到了,这个时候调用上下文的SaveChanges方法将会提交到数据库。那么如果只是想打印和修改实体状态以供查看,并不像被提交到数据库怎么办?

最好的办法就是克隆,先克隆实体然后操作克隆之后的实体:

///         /// 克隆实体:Clone        ///         private static void CloneCurrentValues()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var hotel = (from d in context.Lodgings                             where d.Name == "Grand Hotel"                             select d).Single();                var values = context.Entry(hotel).CurrentValues.Clone();  //Clone方法                values["Name"] = "Simple Hotel";                Console.WriteLine("Property Value: {0}", hotel.Name);                Console.WriteLine("State: {0}", context.Entry(hotel).State);  //Unchanged            }        }

设置实体的值:SetValues方法

当然实体的当前值、原始值和数据库值都是可以相互复制的:

///         /// 设置实体的值:SetValues方法        ///         private static void UndoEdits()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var canyon = (from d in context.Destinations                              where d.Name == "Grand Canyon"                              select d).Single();                canyon.Name = "Bigger & Better Canyon";                var entry = context.Entry(canyon);                entry.CurrentValues.SetValues(entry.OriginalValues);                entry.State = EntityState.Unchanged;  //标记未修改                Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}", canyon.Name); //Grand Canyon            }        }

上面的方法演示了拷贝原始值到当前值,最终保存的是当前值。很方便,不需要挨个赋值。

再看看如何使用SetValues方法实现之前说的克隆实体:

///         /// 克隆实体:SetValues        ///         private static void CreateDavesCampsite()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var davesDump = (from d in context.Lodgings                                 where d.Name == "Dave's Dump"                                 select d).Single();                var clone = new DbContexts.Model.Lodging();                context.Lodgings.Add(clone);                context.Entry(clone).CurrentValues.SetValues(davesDump);  //克隆davesDump的值到新对象clone里                clone.Name = "Dave's Camp";  //修改Name属性                context.SaveChanges();  //最后提交修改                Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}", clone.Name);  //Dave's Camp                Console.WriteLine("Miles: {0}", clone.MilesFromNearestAirport);  //32.65                Console.WriteLine("Contact Id: {0}", clone.PrimaryContactId);  //1            }        }
exec sp_executesql N'insert [dbo].[Lodgings]([Name], [Owner], [MilesFromNearestAirport], [destination_id], [PrimaryContactId], [SecondaryContactId], [Entertainment], [Activities], [MaxPersonsPerRoom], [PrivateRoomsAvailable], [Discriminator])values (@0, null, @1, @2, @3, null, null, null, null, null, @4)select [LodgingId]from [dbo].[Lodgings]where @@ROWCOUNT > 0 and [LodgingId] = scope_identity()',N'@0 nvarchar(200),@1 decimal(18,2),@2 int,@3 int,@4 nvarchar(128)',@0=N'Dave''s Camp',@1=32.65,@2=1,@3=1,@4=N'Lodging'

很明显实体已经被克隆了。

获取和设置实体的单个属性:Property方法

///         /// 获取和设置实体的单个属性:Property方法        ///         private static void WorkingWithPropertyMethod()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var davesDump = (from d in context.Lodgings                                 where d.Name == "Dave's Dump"                                 select d).Single();                var entry = context.Entry(davesDump);                entry.Property(d => d.Name).CurrentValue = "Dave's Bargain Bungalows";  //设置Name属性                Console.WriteLine("Current Value: {0}", entry.Property(d => d.Name).CurrentValue);  //Dave's Bargain Bungalows                Console.WriteLine("Original Value: {0}", entry.Property(d => d.Name).OriginalValue);  //Dave's Dump                Console.WriteLine("Modified?: {0}", entry.Property(d => d.Name).IsModified);   //True            }        }

同样可以查询出实体的哪些属性被修改了:IsModified方法

///         /// 查询实体被修改字段:IsModified方法        ///         private static void FindModifiedProperties()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var canyon = (from d in context.Destinations                              where d.Name == "Grand Canyon"                              select d).Single();                canyon.Name = "Super-Size Canyon";                canyon.TravelWarnings = "Bigger than your brain can handle!!!";                var entry = context.Entry(canyon);                var propertyNames = entry.CurrentValues.PropertyNames;  //获取所有的Name列                IEnumerable
modifiedProperties = from name in propertyNames where entry.Property(name).IsModified select name; foreach (var propertyName in modifiedProperties) { Console.WriteLine(propertyName); //Name、TravelWarnings } } }

前面的章节已经讲解了如何查询一对一、一对多等关系的导航属性了,还不了解的点。现在讲讲如何修改导航属性:

///         /// 修改导航属性(Reference):CurrentValue方法        ///         private static void WorkingWithReferenceMethod()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var davesDump = (from d in context.Lodgings                                 where d.Name == "Dave's Dump"                                 select d).Single();                var entry = context.Entry(davesDump);                entry.Reference(l => l.Destination).Load();   //显示加载                var canyon = davesDump.Destination;                Console.WriteLine("Current Value After Load: {0}", entry.Reference(d => d.Destination).CurrentValue.Name);                var reef = (from d in context.Destinations                            where d.Name == "Great Barrier Reef"                            select d).Single();                entry.Reference(d => d.Destination).CurrentValue = reef;   //修改                Console.WriteLine("Current Value After Change: {0}", davesDump.Destination.Name);            }        }

打印结果:

Current Value After Load: Grand Canyon
Current Value After Change: Great Barrier Reef

注:上面的方法并没有调用上下文的SaveChanges方法,故程序跑完数据也不会保存到数据库,本文所有方法仅作演示都未提交数据库。

有Reference找单个属性的,那么自然也有Collection找集合属性的:

///         /// 修改导航属性(Collection):CurrentValue方法        ///         private static void WorkingWithCollectionMethod()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var res = (from r in context.Reservations                           where r.Trip.Description == "Trip from the database"                           select r).Single();                var entry = context.Entry(res);                entry.Collection(r => r.Payments).Load();                Console.WriteLine("Payments Before Add: {0}", entry.Collection(r => r.Payments).CurrentValue.Count);                var payment = new DbContexts.Model.Payment { Amount = 245 };                context.Payments.Add(payment);                entry.Collection(r => r.Payments).CurrentValue.Add(payment);  //修改                Console.WriteLine("Payments After Add: {0}", entry.Collection(r => r.Payments).CurrentValue.Count);            }        }

打印结果:

Payments Before Add: 1
Payments After Add: 2

从数据库取出实体加载到内存中,可能并不立马就展示给用户看。在进行一系列的排序、筛选等操作再展示出来。但是怎么确定展示的时候这些实体没有被修改过呢?可以使用Reload方法重新加载:

///         /// 取当前最新的数据库值:Reload方法        ///         private static void ReloadLodging()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var hotel = (from d in context.Lodgings                             where d.Name == "Grand Hotel"                             select d).Single();  //取出实体                context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(@"UPDATE dbo.Lodgings SET Name = 'Le Grand Hotel' WHERE Name = 'Grand Hotel'");   //立马修改实体值(这个时候数据库中的值已改变,但是取出来放在内存中的值并没改变)                Console.WriteLine("Name Before Reload: {0}", hotel.Name);                Console.WriteLine("State Before Reload: {0}", context.Entry(hotel).State);                context.Entry(hotel).Reload();                Console.WriteLine("Name After Reload: {0}", hotel.Name);                Console.WriteLine("State After Reload: {0}", context.Entry(hotel).State);            }        }

打印结果:

Name Before Reload: Grand Hotel
State Before Reload: Unchanged
Name After Reload: Le Grand Hotel
State After Reload: Unchanged

可以看出Reload方法已经重新取出了数据库中的最新值。来看看Reload方法生成的sql:

SELECT [Extent1].[Discriminator] AS [Discriminator], [Extent1].[LodgingId] AS [LodgingId], [Extent1].[Name] AS [Name], [Extent1].[Owner] AS [Owner], [Extent1].[MilesFromNearestAirport] AS [MilesFromNearestAirport], [Extent1].[destination_id] AS [destination_id], [Extent1].[PrimaryContactId] AS [PrimaryContactId], [Extent1].[SecondaryContactId] AS [SecondaryContactId], [Extent1].[Entertainment] AS [Entertainment], [Extent1].[Activities] AS [Activities], [Extent1].[MaxPersonsPerRoom] AS [MaxPersonsPerRoom], [Extent1].[PrivateRoomsAvailable] AS [PrivateRoomsAvailable]FROM [dbo].[Lodgings] AS [Extent1]WHERE ([Extent1].[Discriminator] IN ('Resort','Hostel','Lodging')) AND ([Extent1].[LodgingId] = 1)

当然Reload方法也会保存内存中修改的数据,这个并不会冲突。在方法里的linq查询后面加上:hotel.Name = "A New Name"; 打印结果就是这样的了:

Name Before Reload: A New Name
State Before Reload: Modified
Name After Reload: Le Grand Hotel
State After Reload: Unchanged

注意,代码里修改的Name已经显示了,并且标记实体状态为Modified了,Modified会在调用上下文的SaveChanges方法的时候提交到数据库。这个过程是这样的:

加载实体到内存中 - 在内存中对实体的某个属性进行修改 - 使用ExecuteSqlCommand方法执行sql修改数据库里该实体的值 - 调用Reload取出数据库里本实体的最新值 - 调用SaveChanges方法的话,在内存中对实体的修改也会被提交到数据库

之前操作了单个实体,现在看看如何读取关联实体和状态。使用DbContext.ChangeTracker.Entries方法:

     ///         /// 读取相关联的实体和状态:DbContext.ChangeTracker.Entries方法        ///         private static void PrintChangeTrackerEntries()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var res = (from r in context.Reservations                           where r.Trip.Description == "Trip from the database"                           select r).Single();                context.Entry(res).Collection(r => r.Payments).Load();                 res.Payments.Add(new DbContexts.Model.Payment { Amount = 245 });                var entries = context.ChangeTracker.Entries();                foreach (var entry in entries)                {                    Console.WriteLine("Entity Type: {0}", entry.Entity.GetType());                    Console.WriteLine(" - State: {0}", entry.State);                }            }        }

添加了一个从表实体,并读取所有关联实体和其状态,打印结果:

Entity Type: DbContexts.Model.Payment - State: Added
Entity Type: DbContexts.Model.Reservation - State: Unchanged
Entity Type: DbContexts.Model.Payment - State: Unchanged

EF里如何解决更新数据时的冲突

正常根据实体的主键修改实体的时候,EF是不会判断数据修改之前有没有被别的人修改过,但是如果做了并发控制,EF在更新某条记录的时候才会抛错。这个系列文章的demo里有两个实体做了并发控制:Person类的SocialSecurityNumber字段被标记了ConcurrencyCheck;Trip类的RowVersion字段被标记了Timestamp。来写一个触发DbUpdateConcurrencyException异常的方法并处理这个异常:

///         /// 修改实体        ///         private static void ConcurrencyDemo()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var trip = (from t in context.Trip.Include(t => t.Destination)                            where t.Description == "Trip from the database"                            select t).Single();                trip.Description = "Getaway in Vermont";                context.Database.ExecuteSqlCommand(@"UPDATE dbo.Trips SET CostUSD = 400 WHERE Description = 'Trip from the database'");                SaveWithConcurrencyResolution(context);            }        }        ///         /// 尝试保存        ///         private static void SaveWithConcurrencyResolution(DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext context)        {            try            {                context.SaveChanges();            }            catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException ex)            {                ResolveConcurrencyConflicts(ex);                SaveWithConcurrencyResolution(context);            }        }

方法分析:取出实体 - 修改实体Description属性(此时实体状态为Modified)- 使用ExecuteSqlCommand执行sql修改了CostUSD和Description字段(修改后时间戳已经不同了,PS:使用ExecuteSqlCommand执行sql不需要调用SaveChanges方法)- 调用上下文的SaveChanges方法保存之前被标记为Modified的实体,这个时候就会报一个DbUpdateConcurrencyException的异常,因为时间戳列已经找不到了,这个更新的where条件根本找不到记录了。有时间戳的列更新都是双条件,时间戳详细用法点了解。

尝试写个方法解决这个冲突:

///         /// 解决冲突        ///         private static void ResolveConcurrencyConflicts(DbUpdateConcurrencyException ex)        {            foreach (var entry in ex.Entries)            {                Console.WriteLine("Concurrency conflict found for {0}", entry.Entity.GetType());                Console.WriteLine("\nYou are trying to save the following values:");                PrintPropertyValues(entry.CurrentValues);  //用户修改的值                Console.WriteLine("\nThe values before you started editing were:");                PrintPropertyValues(entry.OriginalValues);  //从库里取出来时的值                var databaseValues = entry.GetDatabaseValues();  //即时数据库的值                Console.WriteLine("\nAnother user has saved the following values:");                PrintPropertyValues(databaseValues);                Console.WriteLine("[S]ave your values, [D]iscard you changes or [M]erge?");                var action = Console.ReadKey().KeyChar.ToString().ToUpper(); //读取用户输入的字母                switch (action)                {                    case "S":                        entry.OriginalValues.SetValues(databaseValues);  //拷贝数据库值到当前值(恢复时间戳)                        break;                    case "D":                        entry.Reload();  //重新加载                        break;                    case "M":                        var mergedValues = MergeValues(entry.OriginalValues, entry.CurrentValues, databaseValues);//合并                        entry.OriginalValues.SetValues(databaseValues);  //拷贝数据库值到当前值(恢复时间戳)                        entry.CurrentValues.SetValues(mergedValues);     //拷贝合并后的值到当前值,最终保存的是当前值                        break;                    default:                        throw new ArgumentException("Invalid option");                }            }        }

捕获到异常后告知用户要修改实体的原始值(用户修改前从数据库取出来的值)、现在的值(用户修改的值)、数据库里的值(此时数据库里的值,这个值已被修改,不是用户修改前取出来的值了),打印出来的结果显示已经有人修改了这条记录了。最后是问用户是否保存修改。分别是保存、放弃、合并修改。

用户输入"S"表示“保存”,case语句块里执行的操作是拷贝数据库值到原始值,这里该有疑惑了,调用SaveChanges方法保存的也是currentValues当前值,跟databaseValues数据库值还有OriginalValues原始值没有任何关系啊。其实这么操作是恢复一下时间戳的值方便更新,之前说过timestamp的列更新条件是两个,任何一个不对都更新不了。看看sql:

exec sp_executesql N'update [dbo].[Trips]set [Description] = @0, [CostUSD] = @1where (([Identifier] = @2) and ([RowVersion] = @3))select [RowVersion]from [dbo].[Trips]where @@ROWCOUNT > 0 and [Identifier] = @2',N'@0 nvarchar(max) ,@1 decimal(18,2),@2 uniqueidentifier,@3 binary(8)',@0=N'Getaway in Vermont',@1=1000.00,@2='CF2E6BD3-7393-440C-941A-9124C61CE04A',@3=0x00000000000007D2

结果只保存了自己的修改:

用户输入“D”表示“放弃”,case语句块里执行的是Reload方法,这个方法之前已经介绍过了,是重新加载数据库里的最新值(Latest Value)。恢复下数据库数据再执行下方法,看看sql:

SELECT [Extent1].[Identifier] AS [Identifier], [Extent1].[StartDate] AS [StartDate], [Extent1].[EndDate] AS [EndDate], [Extent1].[Description] AS [Description], [Extent1].[CostUSD] AS [CostUSD], [Extent1].[RowVersion] AS [RowVersion], [Extent1].[DestinationId] AS [DestinationId]FROM [dbo].[Trips] AS [Extent1]WHERE [Extent1].[Identifier] = cast('cf2e6bd3-7393-440c-941a-9124c61ce04a' as uniqueidentifier)

取了下数据库里该实体最新的值(使用ExecuteSqlCommand更新后的值),没有其他任何更新语句,就是放弃本次修改的意思,但是之前ExecuteSqlCommand方法执行的修改是有效的,看看结果:

上面的“保存修改”和“放弃修改”只能保存一个,如果让用户修改的和ExecuteSqlCommand的修改同时生效呢,选择M,意为合并。看看合并方法:

///         /// 合并        ///         private static DbPropertyValues MergeValues(DbPropertyValues original, DbPropertyValues current, DbPropertyValues database)        {            var result = original.Clone();  //拷贝原始值并存放合并后的值            foreach (var propertyName in original.PropertyNames)  //遍历原始值的所有列            {                if (original[propertyName] is DbPropertyValues)  //判断当前列是否复杂类型(很少)                {                    var mergedComplexValues =                        MergeValues((DbPropertyValues)original[propertyName],                        (DbPropertyValues)current[propertyName],                        (DbPropertyValues)database[propertyName]);   //是复杂类型的话就使用递归合并复杂类型的值                    ((DbPropertyValues)result[propertyName]).SetValues(mergedComplexValues);                }                else  //是普通里的话就和当前值、数据库值、原始值各种对比。修改了就赋值                {                    if (!object.Equals(current[propertyName], original[propertyName]))                        result[propertyName] = current[propertyName];                    else if (!object.Equals(database[propertyName], original[propertyName]))                        result[propertyName] = database[propertyName];                }            }            return result;        }

看看sql:

exec sp_executesql N'update [dbo].[Trips]set [Description] = @0, [CostUSD] = @1where (([Identifier] = @2) and ([RowVersion] = @3))select [RowVersion]from [dbo].[Trips]where @@ROWCOUNT > 0 and [Identifier] = @2',N'@0 nvarchar(max) ,@1 decimal(18,2),@2 uniqueidentifier,@3 binary(8)',@0=N'Getaway in Vermont',@1=400.00,@2='CF2E6BD3-7393-440C-941A-9124C61CE04A',@3=0x00000000000007DC

看看结果:

用户修改和ExecuteSqlCommand修改的都保存上了。

最后讲一个更实用的东西:重写上下文的SaveChanges方法记录结果集里实体的各种增/删/改。

先到BreakAwayContext类里添加一个属性标识使用数据库上下文的SaveChanges方法还是使用自定义的SaveChanges方法:public bool LogChangesDuringSave { get; set; }

来看一个方法:

///         /// 记录结果集的各种:增 / 删 /改        ///         private static void TestSaveLogging()        {            using (var context = new DbContexts.DataAccess.BreakAwayContext())            {                var canyon = (from d in context.Destinations                              where d.Name == "Grand Canyon"                              select d).Single();//加载主表数据                context.Entry(canyon).Collection(d => d.Lodgings).Load();//显示加载出从表相关数据                canyon.TravelWarnings = "Take a hat!";//修改主表字段                context.Lodgings.Remove(canyon.Lodgings.First());//删除相关联从表的第一条数据                context.Destinations.Add(new DbContexts.Model.Destination { Name = "Seattle, WA" });//添加一条主表数据                context.LogChangesDuringSave = true;  //设置标识,使用自定义的SaveChanges方法                context.SaveChanges();            }        }

增加、修改、删除操作等都有。运行这个方法前需要在BreakAwayContext类里添加记录的帮助类方法:

///         /// 记录帮助类方法        ///         private void PrintPropertyValues(DbPropertyValues values, IEnumerable
propertiesToPrint, int indent = 1) { foreach (var propertyName in propertiesToPrint) { var value = values[propertyName]; if (value is DbPropertyValues) { Console.WriteLine("{0}- Complex Property: {1}", string.Empty.PadLeft(indent), propertyName); var complexPropertyValues = (DbPropertyValues)value; PrintPropertyValues(complexPropertyValues, complexPropertyValues.PropertyNames, indent + 1); } else { Console.WriteLine("{0}- {1}: {2}", string.Empty.PadLeft(indent), propertyName, values[propertyName]); } } } private IEnumerable
GetKeyPropertyNames(object entity) { var objectContext = ((IObjectContextAdapter)this).ObjectContext; return objectContext.ObjectStateManager.GetObjectStateEntry(entity).EntityKey.EntityKeyValues.Select(k => k.Key); }

再在BreakAwayContext类里重写下上下文的SaveChanges方法:

///         /// 重写SaveChanges方法        ///         public override int SaveChanges()        {            if (LogChangesDuringSave)  //根据表示判断用重写的SaveChanges方法,还是普通的上下文SaveChanges方法            {                var entries = from e in this.ChangeTracker.Entries()                              where e.State != EntityState.Unchanged                              select e;   //过滤所有修改了的实体,包括:增加 / 修改 / 删除                foreach (var entry in entries)                {                    switch (entry.State)                    {                        case EntityState.Added:                            Console.WriteLine("Adding a {0}", entry.Entity.GetType());                            PrintPropertyValues(entry.CurrentValues, entry.CurrentValues.PropertyNames);                            break;                        case EntityState.Deleted:                            Console.WriteLine("Deleting a {0}", entry.Entity.GetType());                            PrintPropertyValues(entry.OriginalValues, GetKeyPropertyNames(entry.Entity));                            break;                        case EntityState.Modified:                            Console.WriteLine("Modifying a {0}", entry.Entity.GetType());                            var modifiedPropertyNames = from n in entry.CurrentValues.PropertyNames                                                        where entry.Property(n).IsModified                                                        select n;                            PrintPropertyValues(entry.CurrentValues, GetKeyPropertyNames(entry.Entity).Concat(modifiedPropertyNames));                            break;                    }                }            }            return base.SaveChanges();  //返回普通的上下文SaveChanges方法        }

运行结果为:

所有添加/修改/删除都记录下来了,这个可以方便我们在写程序的时候做更细微的控制,毕竟EF对实体操作的依据就是实体的各种状态。

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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/oppoic/p/ef_dbpropertyvalues_toobject_clone_setvalues_changetracker_entries.html

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